ALESSANO, LA PIAZZA DEI DUE CASTELLI di Giusto Puri Purini – Numero 12 – Ottobre 2018

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ALESSANO,  LA PIAZZA dei due castelli 

 

Giusto-Puri-Purini-storia

importante borgo del sud Salento, chiamato Messapia dai Greci, “terra fra i due mari”, non si può prescindere da un balzo a ritroso nella storia tumultuosa della penisola salentina, protesa nel Mediterraneo e terra di approdo per tanti naviganti, lontana dai condizionamenti dei grandi centri urbani di allora, Roma, Sparta, Atene.

Vennero dall’Oriente i Messapi e gli Spartani, che occuparono le terre dei Dauni 

e dei Pucezi dando inizio ad una rivalità secolare, narrata da Erodoto, 

che non finiremo mai di ringraziare per le sue cronache 

puntuali e precise.


In molti dei miei viaggi ho seguito con cura i suoi racconti, dalla Puglia salentina alle lontane porte dell’Anatolia ai confini con la Siria. Memorabile la vista da lui descritta, in un viaggio via mare, lungo le coste della Lycia (nel 300 circa a.C.), delle migliaia di fiammelle che sgorgavano dalla terra, lungo i declivi dei monti circostanti, discendenti verso il mare, accanto all’Olimpia Jonica, a ricordare lo schianto al suolo della Chimera, colpita dal dardo infuocato di Bellerofonte.

Lucani e Messapi, popoli di grandi guerrieri, sconfissero gli spartani 

di Taras (Taranto) nel 473 a.C., consolidando, fino alla conquista romana,

 la supremazia sulla “Calabria”, l’antico nome della penisola salentina.


L’avvenimento fu ricordato da Aristotele che precisa: “Accadde un po’ dopo che i Persiani invasero la Grecia.” Queste premesse ci fanno capire l’impronta profonda e strutturale che i Messapi lasciarono sul territorio. Guerrieri e contadini, lo trasformarono profondamente con le loro architetture megalitiche, facendo largo uso del duro, morbido zoccolo di pietre calcaree, di cui il territorio salentino è composto, aprirono inoltre nuovi itinerari e rotte nel basso Mediterraneo. Anche Tucidide li cita, nella sua Storia, durante la guerra del Peloponneso, tra Atene e Siracusa, dove furono caricati, alle isole Cheradi (Porto Cesareo), 150 lanciatori di giavellotto messapi, capitanati da Arta, un potente capo locale. La dodecapoli messapica nella penisola salentina, vedi l’analogia con quella etrusca, riguardava 16 città, di queste Vereto, dista pochi chilometri da Alessano.

La lunga dominazione romana dal 230 a.C. portò nel Salento 

infrastrutture e opere pubbliche,


come la via Appia fino a Brindisi, che divenne un porto importantissimo per Roma, con lo scalo verso la Grecia e l’Oriente lontano, vi fiorirono in quei tempi anche grandi personalità ed artisti, quali Livio Andronico, Quintinio Ennio e Marco Pacuvio. A Brindisi tristemente morì il grande Virgilio. Ai Romani succedettero i Bizantini, i Longobardi, poi i Normanni, i Veneziani, gli Svevi, gli Angioini, gli Aragonesi, infine i Borboni. Molteplicità di culture intrecciate ed a volte fuse, determinarono un’unicità del Salento, terra dalle fondamenta strutturali antropologicamente potenti ed aperta verso le terre d’oltremare. Durante la dominazione Angioina, Alessano fu capoluogo di Contea, dal mare di Capranica del Capo fino alla dorsale di Specchia.

Alessano, quindi, ebbe il suo momento di massimo splendore e sviluppo 

tra il XV ed il XVI secolo,


importanti famiglie nobiliari si succedettero, i Della Ratta, i Del Balzo, i De Capua, i Gonzaga, i Guarini ed altri, garantendovi il prestigio e lo sviluppo del territorio. S’insediarono anche numerose famiglie di mercanti-commercianti veneziani ed una piccola comunità ebraica, il centro città si arricchì di numerosi palazzi in stile rinascimentale e si svilupparono arte e cultura. 

 

In particolare il Palazzo Ducale ed il Palazzo Sangiovanni, rispettivamente, oggi, della famiglia Sangiovanni e di una importante famiglia belga, gli Adriaenssen, affacciati entrambi sulla stessa piazza, Piazza Castello, sul cocuzzolo più alto di Alessano, a coronamento finale di un centro storico ricco e modulato.

Il Palazzo Ducale, importante centro di cultura durante il governo dei Gonzaga, 

è un castello fortificato a forma di quadrilatero,


con torri e merli ed un ampio parco giardino e frutteto all’interno. Fu realizzato nel tardo ‘400 durante il governo dei feudatari Del Balzo, di cui resta memoria nella stella a sedici punte, simbolo della casata.

La facciata del Palazzo Sangiovanni, invece, riprende il motivo 

delle bugne diamantate del Palazzo dei Diamanti a Ferrara,


all’interno una struttura architettonica più articolata, immersa nei giardini di frutta e negli oliveti secolari. 

 

“Il Palazzo S.Giovanni” o la “casa del Mercante” (o la “casa del Cavaliere”) e le “Silenti Attenzioni” del Vasari. Palazzo dei Diamanti o Sangiovanni ad Alessano (Lecce)…così si chiama il capitolo a cura di Ferruccio Canali e di Virgilio Carmine Galati, dedicato ad “Alessano, la più grande Signoria del Salento meridionale, lo sviluppo urbano e i suoi Palazzi tra Quattro e Cinquecento”. Scrive Galati: “Alla severità dei fortificati anni precedenti, nel tardo Cinquecento compaiono vezzi di gusti antiquari come finestre che richiamavano quelle realizzate da Giorgio Martini ad Urbino, oppure decorazioni a bugna di diamante, estese circoscritte o a filari verticali scalati zigzaganti ed ancora paramenti a fasce bicromatiche.

Un nuovo modello decorativo, se non tipologico si era dunque fatto strada 

anche nella parte meridionale del ‘Golfo di Venezia’ dall’Apulia al Salento,


all’interno dei gruppi baronali e nei ceti emergenti (con singolari realizzazioni anche in Sicilia e Campania)”. Le corti feudali procedevano ad un aggiornamento e ad una qualificazione delle loro residenze, mentre i mercanti, arricchitisi con i traffici transadriatici, caratterizzavano le loro abitazioni. Leandro Alberti ricorda Alessano così:

“Alessano con luoghi ben coltivati, ed ornati di belle vigne, di olive, di aranci e di altri alberi fruttiferi, che paiono giardini, dando gran piacere ai ‘Riguardanti’”.

Oggi, i due Palazzi, lassù, nell’alto di Alessano, Piazza Castello, in parte ristrutturati con l’intervento di validi architetti, godono della fortuna di aver avuto 

proprietari avveduti e ricchi d’iniziative.


Entrambi i Palazzi si aprono al pubblico, a momenti, in un fervore d’iniziative artistiche e culturali, ora mostre, concerti, avvenimenti, ricevimenti, incontri con moderni “viandanti” italiani ed europei, alla ricerca di quel mondo semi-nascosto italiano, che dovrebbe diventare permanente, pieno di quei tanti tesori d’arte e di cultura, punti di riferimento della continuità storica di Alessano.

 

 

 

 

 

 

analisi_alessano
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ty = ty === 'min-auto' ? - contHeight : ty; /* Loop through cols*/ for (var i = 0; i 0) { var add = colRemainder >= colAdd ? colAdd : colRemainder; newColWidth += add; colRemainder -= add; } /* Nested loop to create row gridlets for each col.*/ for (var j = 0; j 0) { add = newRowRemainder >= rowAdd ? rowAdd : rowRemainder; newRowHeight += add; newRowRemainder -= add; } /* Create & append gridlet to grid.*/ grid.append(huge_it_gridlet(newColWidth, newRowHeight, topDist, img_topDst, leftDist, img_leftDist, imgSrc, imgWidth, imgHeight, i, j)); topDist += newRowHeight; img_topDst -= newRowHeight; } img_leftDist -= newColWidth; leftDist += newColWidth; } /* Set event listener on last gridlet to finish transitioning.*/ var last_gridlet = grid.children().last(); /* Show grid & hide the image it replaces.*/ grid.show(); cur_img.css('opacity', 0); /* Add identifying classes to corner gridlets (useful if applying border radius).*/ grid.children().first().addClass('rs-top-left'); grid.children().last().addClass('rs-bottom-right'); grid.children().eq(rows - 1).addClass('rs-bottom-left'); grid.children().eq(- rows).addClass('rs-top-right'); /* Execution steps.*/ setTimeout(function () { grid.children().css({ opacity: op, transform: 'rotate('+ ro +'deg) translateX('+ tx +'px) translateY('+ ty +'px) scale('+ sc +')' }); }, 1); jQuery(next_image_class).css('opacity', 1); /* After transition.*/ jQuery(last_gridlet).one('webkitTransitionEnd transitionend otransitionend oTransitionEnd mstransitionend', jQuery.proxy(huge_it_after_trans)); function huge_it_after_trans() { jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index': 1}); jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, 'z-index' : 2}); cur_img.css('opacity', 1); grid.remove(); huge_it_trans_in_progress_88 = false; if (typeof event_stack_88 !== 'undefined' && event_stack_88.length > 0) { key = event_stack_88[0].split("-"); event_stack_88.shift(); huge_it_change_image_88(key[0], key[1], data_88, true,false); } } } function huge_it_sliceH_88(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateX = 'min-auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateX = 'auto'; } huge_it_grid_88(1, 8, 0, translateX, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_sliceV_88(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateY = 'min-auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateY = 'auto'; } huge_it_grid_88(10, 1, 0, 0, translateY, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_slideV_88(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateY = 'auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateY = 'min-auto'; } huge_it_grid_88(1, 1, 0, 0, translateY, 1, 1, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_slideH_88(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var translateX = 'min-auto'; } else if (direction == 'left') { var translateX = 'auto'; } huge_it_grid_88(1, 1, 0, translateX, 0, 1, 1, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_scaleOut_88(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_88(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1.5, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_scaleIn_88(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_88(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_blockScale_88(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_88(8, 6, 0, 0, 0, .6, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_kaleidoscope_88(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_88(10, 8, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_fan_88(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { if (direction == 'right') { var rotate = 45; var translateX = 100; } else if (direction == 'left') { var rotate = -45; var translateX = -100; } huge_it_grid_88(1, 10, rotate, translateX, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function huge_it_blindV_88(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_88(1, 8, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class); } function huge_it_blindH_88(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { huge_it_grid_88(10, 1, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class); } function huge_it_random_88(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) { var anims = ['sliceH', 'sliceV', 'slideH', 'slideV', 'scaleOut', 'scaleIn', 'blockScale', 'kaleidoscope', 'fan', 'blindH', 'blindV']; /* Pick a random transition from the anims array.*/ this["huge_it_" + anims[Math.floor(Math.random() * anims.length)] + "_88"](current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } function iterator_88() { return 1; } function huge_it_change_image_88(current_key, key, data_88, from_effect, clicked) { if (data_88[key]) { if (!from_effect) { // Change image key. jQuery("#huge_it_current_image_key_88").val(key); current_key = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_88").attr("data-image_key"); } if (huge_it_trans_in_progress_88) { event_stack_88.push(current_key + '-' + key); return; } var direction = 'right'; if (huge_it_current_key_88 > key) { direction = 'left'; } else if (huge_it_current_key_88 == key) { return false; } // Set active thumbnail position. huge_it_current_key_88 = key; jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_88").attr('data-image_id', data_88[key]["id"]); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_title_text_88").html(data_88[key]["alt"]); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_description_text_88").html(data_88[key]["description"]); var current_image_class = "#image_id_88_" + data_88[current_key]["id"]; var next_image_class = "#image_id_88_" + data_88[key]["id"]; if (jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_video_frame_88').length > 0) { var streffect = 'fade'; if (streffect == "cubeV" || streffect == "cubeH" || streffect == "none" || streffect == "fade") { huge_it_fade_88(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } else { huge_it_fade_88(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } } else { huge_it_fade_88(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction); } jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_88').removeClass('none'); if (jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_88').html() == "") { jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_88').addClass('none'); } jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_88').removeClass('none'); if (jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_88').html() == "") { jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_88').addClass('none'); } jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_88').addClass('none'); jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_88').addClass('none'); huge_it_move_dots_88(); /*** for vimeo and youtube stop pause play etc... ***/ var nextVideo = jQuery('#video_id_88_' + key).attr('data-element-id'); var currentVideo = jQuery('#video_id_88_' + current_key).attr('data-element-id'); /*** add ***/ (currentVideo || nextVideo) && stopYoutubeVideo(currentVideo, nextVideo); if ((jQuery('#player_88_' + current_key)).hasClass('huge-it-iframe-vimeo')) { jQuery('#player_88_' + current_key).vimeo('pause'); } if ((jQuery('#player_88_' + key)).hasClass('huge-it-iframe-vimeo') && ('off' == 'on')) { jQuery('#player_88_' + key).vimeo('play'); } /*** ***/ window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_' +88]); play_88(); } } var staticthumbWidth; jQuery(window).load(function() { staticthumbWidth = jQuery('#huge_it_thumb_slider>li').width(); }); function huge_it_popup_resize_88() { var staticsliderwidth =850; var sliderwidth =850; var bodyWidth = jQuery(window).width(); var parentWidth = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_88").parent().width(); if (sliderwidth > parentWidth) { sliderwidth = parentWidth; } if (sliderwidth > bodyWidth) { sliderwidth = bodyWidth; } var str=638/(staticsliderwidth); var str2 =100/850; var sliderDynamicImageHeight = sliderwidth*str; var sliderDynamicThumbHeight = 0; jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_88').css({'max-height':sliderDynamicImageHeight+sliderDynamicThumbHeight}); jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap1_88').css({'max-height':sliderDynamicImageHeight}); jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_thumbs_88 li').css({'max-height':sliderDynamicThumbHeight}); jQuery("#huge_it_loading_image_88").css({display: "none"}); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap1_88").css({opacity: 1}); jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_88").removeClass("nocolor"); if ("resize"=="crop"){ jQuery(".huge_it_slider_ul li img").each(function(){ if(jQuery(this).prop('naturalWidth')>jQuery(this).prop('naturalHeight')) jQuery(this).css({'width':'100%','height':'auto'/*,'top':'50%','left':'50%','transform':'translate( -50%, -50% )'*/}); else{ jQuery(this).css({'height':'100%','width':'auto'/*,'top':'50%','left':'50%','transform':'translate( -50%, -50% )'*/}); } }); } jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_88").css({opacity:1}); } jQuery(window).load(function () { jQuery(window).resize(function() { huge_it_popup_resize_88(); }); jQuery('#huge_it_slideshow_left_88').on('click',function(){ huge_it_change_image_88(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_88').val()), (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_88').val()) - iterator_88()) >= 0 ? (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_88').val()) - iterator_88()) % data_88.length : data_88.length - 1, data_88,false,true); return false; }); jQuery('#huge_it_slideshow_right_88').on('click',function(){ huge_it_change_image_88(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_88').val()), (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_88').val()) + iterator_88()) % data_88.length, data_88,false,true); return false; }); huge_it_popup_resize_88(); /* Disable right click.*/ jQuery('div[id^="huge_it_container"]').bind("contextmenu", function () { return false; }); /*HOVER SLIDESHOW*/ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_container_88, .huge_it_slideshow_image_container_88, .huge_it_slideshow_dots_container_88,#huge_it_slideshow_right_88,#huge_it_slideshow_left_88").hover(function(){ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_right_88").css({'display':'inline'}); jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_left_88").css({'display':'inline'}); },function(){ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_right_88").css({'display':'none'}); jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_left_88").css({'display':'none'}); }); if(pausehover=="on" && !/Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)){ jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_container_88, .huge_it_slideshow_image_container_88").hover(function(){ window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+88]); scrolling = false; },function(){ window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+88]); scrolling = true; play_88(); }); } play_88(); }); function play_88(){ if(scrolling || /Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)){ huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+88] = setInterval(function () { var iterator = 1; huge_it_change_image_88(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_88').val()), (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_88').val()) + iterator) % data_88.length, data_88,false,false); }, '4000'); } } jQuery(window).focus(function() { var i_88 = 0; jQuery(".huge_it_slider_88").children("div").each(function () { if (jQuery(this).css('opacity') == 1) { jQuery("#huge_it_current_image_key_88").val(i_88); } i_88++; }); }); jQuery(window).blur(function() { console.log(event_stack_88); window.clearInterval(huge_interval['huge_it_playInterval_'+88]); }); jQuery(window).focus(function() { play_88() });
jQuery(document).ready(function(jQuery) { setInterval(function() { jQuery('.huge_it_slider_88').find("li").each(function() { if (jQuery(this).css("opacity") == "1") { var img_id = jQuery(this).attr('id'); jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_thumbs_88').each(function() { var allListElements = jQuery('li[id=' + img_id + ']'); jQuery(this).find(allListElements).not(".bx-clone").each(function() { jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_thumbs_88 li').find(".trans_back").css('background', 'rgba(255,255,255,0.3)'); jQuery(this).find('.trans_back').css('background', 'none'); }) }) } }) }, 100) })
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